Es innegable que la noción de epoché fue crucial para el surgimiento y el posterior desarrollo de la tradición fenomenológica. Si bien la resignificación que Husserl hace de ésta es sumamente original, él mismo se detiene a reconocer en la filosofía antigua el mérito de haber encontrado el camino idóneo para acceder a la subjetividad trascendental. En el siguiente trabajo buscaré, por un lado, definir la epoché tal como se origina en el pensamiento de los sofistas para luego pasar a (...) analizar el modo en el que Husserl logra reversionar dicha noción hasta convertirla en el método predilecto que nos permite arribar a la esfera trascendental. Por otro lado, continuaré rastreando la evolución de la epoché para llegar a su abandono en la filosofía de Sartre. En relación con esto último, me interesa preguntarme si el existencialismo reniega de la suspensión del juicio por considerarla inapropiada o si, más bien, se trata de una supresión parcial del método fenomenológico. Me propongo defender esta segunda tesis, alegando que, en realidad, la epoché no es una noción que esté totalmente ausente en la filosofía de Sartre sino que se mantiene vigente en términos de angustia existencial. (shrink)

Portuguese translation of Aristotle’s _Prophecy in Sleep_, preceded by a short presentation of the text and accompanied by explanatory notes.

This paper focuses on the role of punishment as a critical social mechanism for cheating prevention in MMORPGs. The role of punishment is empirically investigated in a case study of the MMORPG Tibia and by focusing on the use of bots to cheat. We describe the failure of punishment in Tibia, which is perceived by players as one of the elements facilitating the proliferation of bots. In this process some players act as a moral enterprising group contributing to the reform (...) of the game rules and in particular to the reform of the Tibia punishment system by the game company. In the conclusion we consider the ethical issues raised by our findings and we propose some general reflections on the role of punishment and social mechanisms for the governance of online worlds more generally. (shrink)

Family firms are ubiquitous and play a crucial role across all world economies, but how they differ in the disclosure of social and environmental actions from non-family firms has been largely overlooked in the literature. Advancing the discourse on corporate social responsibility reporting, we examine how family influence on a business organization affects CSR reporting. The arguments developed here draw on institutional theory, using a rich body of empirical evidence gathered through a content analysis of the CSR reports of 98 (...) large- and medium-sized Italian firms. The grounded theory analysis informs and contextualizes several differences in the type and content of corporate social responsibility reports of family and non-family firms. Our findings show that in comparison to non-family firms, family firms disseminate a greater variety of CSR reports, are less compliant with CSR standards and place emphasis on different CSR topics. We, thus, contribute to the family business and corporate social responsibility reporting literatures in several ways, offering implications for practice and outlining promising avenues for future research. (shrink)

Tourism is capable of distributing wealth and participating substantially in the economic development of many countries. However, to ensure these benefits, the planning, management, and monitoring of a sustainable offer become crucial. Despite the increasingly widespread attention to sustainability in this sector, however, the concept of sustainable tourism still appears fragmented and fuzzy. The theoretical frameworks used in many studies often reduce sustainability to its environmental or social aspects and consider such pillars as separate issues. Furthermore, although most studies acknowledge (...) that a potentially wide number of stakeholders play a role in sustainable tourism production, they have so far focused on host communities, tourism producers, or tourists themselves independently. Fewer explorations have addressed simultaneously different stakeholders, their perceptions of sustainable tourism experience, and the various concerns and tensions that may arise. This study aims to investigate sustainability issues in tourism by considering the voices of two relevant stakeholders involved in “co-producing” the tourism experience: tourists and tour operators. Based on a qualitative study conducted in Italy, the article critically discusses how travelers and tour operators craft the sustainability idea, the implicit assumptions that rely on their different perspectives, and their practical implications. The results highlight four different narratives on sustainable tourism, which are related to different assumptions on sustainability and actions legitimated to generate sustainable value. Finally, the article offers insights into how to develop a more holistic and critical approach to sustainable tourism through education and communication. (shrink)

Objectives: Investigate and identify the relationship between physical exercise and cognitive performance measured by using different cognitive tests taken from Cambridge Brain Science.Methods: Thirty subjects, divided into two groups, undergo twelve cognitive tests from CBS. A comparison between the pre- and post-exercise results in terms of cognitive performance differences is carried out. Regression analysis between Heart Rate Variability features and CBS tests results is performed.Results: In most CBS tests, there is an improvement, or at least a confirmation, of the subject's (...) cognitive ability, for both groups. Reasoning, concentration, and planning tests seem to undergo critical positive changes. The regression analysis, performed by using a set of different algorithms, has demonstrated that it is possible, by monitoring the HRV during the exercise, to predict to some extent the cognitive performance, i.e., the CBS tests results. The best performing regression algorithms are Simple Linear and REPTree. The statistical analysis has proved that physical activity is statistically useful for the subjects in improving their cognitive performance.Conclusions: This study has numerically appraised the improvement, the conservation, or the worsening on different aspects of cognition. The found mathematical relationship between physical exercise and cognitive performance suggests that it is possible to predict the beneficial effect of various exercises on executive and attentive control. (shrink)

We present the idea of searching for X-rays as a signature of the mechanism inducing the spontaneous collapse of the wave function. Such a signal is predicted by the continuous spontaneous localization theories, which are solving the “measurement problem” by modifying the Schrödinger equation. We will show some encouraging preliminary results and discuss future plans and strategy.

Efforts to improve patients’ understanding of their own medical treatments or research in which they are involved are progressing, especially with regard to informed consent procedures. We aimed to design a multisource informed consent procedure that is easily adaptable to both clinical and research applications, and to evaluate its effectiveness in terms of understanding and awareness, even in less educated patients.

L'état de crise générale qui règne aujourd'hui dans la société française, comme l'a révélé, entre autres, l'ampleur sans précédent de la "manif pour tous", menace aujourd'hui l'universalité même de notre modèle sociopolitique national. Depuis que les trois notions qui fondent nos "valeurs républicaines" - liberté, égalité, fraternité - ont été détournées de leur sens véritable. La "liberté", devenue illimitée, consacre un sujet dominé par son seul ego, l'"égalité" est désormais synonyme d'une abolition de toute différence, fût-elle biologique, et la "fraternité" (...) se réduit à des promiscuités imposées. D'une promesse d'élévation citoyenne passant par l'accession de tous à l'autonomie, les principes des Lumières semblent bien conduire aujourd'hui à la négation même de ce qui définit notre humanité. Comment pareille grandeur humaniste a-t-elle pu dégénérer, en moins de trois siècles, en humanitarisme hygiénique de base? Ne faut-il pas chercher dans l'échec métapolitique du libéralisme mondialisé la réponse à cette question, qui dépasse de loin la banale scission gauche/droite? Paul-François Paoli passe au crible les mensonges et les contradictions criantes de la "religion laïque" en convoquant tour à tour dans le débat saint Augustin, Nietzsche, Raymond Boudon ou encore Pierre Manent. (shrink)

In the initial verses of Seven against Thebes, Eteocles recognizes the need of pronounce the right words as one of his duties as leader and defender of the city of Thebes. The concerns of Eteocles for what ought, or ought not, be said towards an imminent attack comes from a perception of language as a divine form of the world which base itself on the belief among the Greeks that words have a numen in itself and leads, thus, to a (...) prophetic fulfillment. The aim of this paper is, therefore, reveal the contribution of the word to the defense of the city in Seven against Thebes, by Aeschylus. (shrink)

This article describes a research project in which a qualitative research was carried out consisting of 24 semi-structured interviews and a subsequent data analysis using the MAXQDA software in order to investigate a particular dimorphic emotional expression: tears of joy (TOJ). The working hypothesis is that TOJ are not only an atypical expression due to a “super joy,” or that they are only an attempt by the organism to self-regulate the excess of joyful emotion through the expression of the opposite (...) emotion (sadness), but that it is an emotional experience in its own right—not entirely overlapping with joy—with a specific adaptive function. Through the interviews, conducted in a cross-cultural context (mainly in India and Japan), we explored the following possibility: what if the adaptive function of crying for joy were to signal, to those experiencing it, the meaning of their life; the most important direction given to their existence? The material collected provided positive support for this interpretation. (shrink)

The following is an attempt to read Anselm’s treatise De veritate in accordance with its immanent intention by considering the question: to what extent and in which sense does it, in unfolding the concept of truth, more concretely determine the concept of God—and accordingly also the concept of man and his relationship to God? The question of whether and to what extent Anselm argues sola ratione will not be raised, but instead in what way his ratio is capable of developing (...) out of the data of belief a conceptuality that is binding for the intellectus credens. (shrink)

The paper presents an epistemic logic with quantification over agents of knowledge and with a syntactical distinction between de re and de dicto occurrences of terms. Knowledge de dicto is characterized as ‘knowledge that’, and knowlegde de re as ‘knowledge of’. Transition semantics turns out to be an adequate tool to account for the distinctions introduced.

We introduce a sequent system which is Gentzen algebraisable with orthomodular lattices as equivalent algebraic semantics, and therefore can be viewed as a calculus for orthomodular quantum logic. Its sequents are pairs of non-associative structures, formed via a structural connective whose algebraic interpretation is the Sasaki product on the left-hand side and its De Morgan dual on the right-hand side. It is a substructural calculus, because some of the standard structural sequent rules are restricted—by lifting all such restrictions, one recovers (...) a calculus for classical logic. (shrink)

The variety of residuated lattices includes a vast proportion of the classes of algebras that are relevant for algebraic logic, e.g., \-groups, Heyting algebras, MV-algebras, or De Morgan monoids. Among the outliers, one counts orthomodular lattices and other varieties of quantum algebras. We suggest a common framework—pointed left-residuated \-groupoids—where residuated structures and quantum structures can all be accommodated. We investigate the lattice of subvarieties of pointed left-residuated \-groupoids, their ideals, and develop a theory of left nuclei. Finally, we extend some (...) parts of the theory of join-completions of residuated \-groupoids to the left-residuated case, giving a new proof of MacLaren’s theorem for orthomodular lattices. (shrink)

Two different copies of the influental Jewish philosophical and theological Maimonides’ Guide of the Perplexed, one in Hebrew and a second in Latin, are recorded in Pico’s library. A third copy, probably also belonged to him, is now the ms. Kassel, Universitätsbibliothek - Landesbibliothek und Murhardsche Bibliothek der Stadt, 2° theol. 67. The manuscript now in Kassel shows that Pico was not only a reader of Maimonides’ Guide but also a translator. Numerous passages have in fact been revised by Pico (...) in order to improve the latin translation evidently considered not particularly correct. (shrink)

The paper is an introduction to and an annotated translation of De quantitatibus, a mathematical manuscript by Johannes Kepler. Conceived as a philosophical treatise, the text collects, orders, and interprets the Aristotelian passages relevant to mathematics. Kepler thought of De quantitatibus as an introduction to Dasypodius's textbook, but by choosing the Aristotelian context, he distances himself from the tradition to which Dasypodius belonged. Dasypodius's works on mathematics, like Ramus's, were within the genre developed after the rediscovery of Proclus's commentary on (...) Euclid. Instead, Kepler took a position following the Aristotelian humanism of Schegk. While the dating of De quantitatibus is still uncertain, it is likely that Kepler wrote it not too long after his education in Tübingen, where he received instruction in natural philosophy under the influence of Schegk. In De quantitatibus, Kepler also exhibits some original views on mathematics within this humanist Aristotelian context. (shrink)

This book highlights the emergence of a new mathematical rationality and the beginning of the mathematisation of physics in Classical Islam. Exchanges between mathematics, physics, linguistics, arts and music were a factor of creativity and progress in the mathematical, the physical and the social sciences. Goods and ideas travelled on a world-scale, mainly through the trade routes connecting East and Southern Asia with the Near East, allowing the transmission of Greek-Arabic medicine to Yuan Muslim China. The development of science, first (...) centred in the Near East, would gradually move to the Western side of the Mediterranean, as a result of Europe's appropriation of the Arab and Hellenistic heritage. Contributors are Paul Buell, Anas Ghrab, Hossein Masoumi Hamedani, Zeinab Karimian, Giovanna Lelli, Marouane ben Miled, Patricia Radelet-de Grave, and Roshdi Rashed. (shrink)

The first commented edition of K.W.F. Solger's Vorlesungen über Ästhetik (1819), edited by Giovanna Pinna.

This article explores the concept of "practice" in Alasdair MacIntyre's moral theory, emphasizing its relevance for reconstructing virtue ethics in a contemporary context of moral fragmentation. Through a critical analysis of his work, After Virtue, the historical, philosophical, and narrative foundations of his ethical framework are examined. MacIntyre characterizes modernity as a period of moral disorder, marked by ethical pluralism lacking a shared basis for consensus. He advocates for the revival of teleology and Aristotelian virtues to address these dilemmas, adapting (...) them to the current cultural and social context. The concept of practice is central to this approach, defined as a collaborative activity guided by internal norms and values aiming for intrinsic excellence. Furthermore, the author employs narrative as a structure to integrate morality, history, and tradition. This research argues that reintegrating virtues and practices into morality offers a cohesive and meaningful solution to contemporary ethical challenges. This study deepens the understanding of the implications of virtue ethics in a pluralistic world, highlighting its applicability in strengthening the common good and justice. (shrink)

In the article I discuss the philosophical premises of Kleist's literary work, focussing on the relationship between his conception of moral conscience and Kant's ethics.

Resumo: Na contemporaneidade, observa-se grande prevalência de enfermidades crônicas sem possibilidade de cura, que se acompanham de significativa redução da qualidade de vida do paciente. Os cuidados paliativos têm como finalidade proporcionar ao paciente conforto físico e emocional na terminalidade da vida. Em momentos em que os CP são negligenciados de alguma forma e deixam de ser exercidos de maneira plena, pode ocorrer a prática da distanásia – procedimentos que apenas prolongam o processo de morrer. A reflexão de Emmanuel Lévinas (...) é caracterizada pelo desenvolvimento do projeto de uma Primeira Filosia, a qual aborda nova compreensão da subjetividade humana pela valoriza­ção da ética em detrimento da ontologia fundamental. Esse projeto tem como objetivo apresentar o conceito de responsabilidade em Emmanuel Lévinas e sua aplicação no estudo dos limites dos cuidados paliativos para que se evite procedimentos médicos distanásicos. Palavras-chave: Bioethics. Social Responsibility. Palliative Care. End-Life Care. Physician-patient relations. (shrink)

A presente pesquisa tem como escopo analisar como as denominadas “razões de segurança” enquanto justificadoras de medidas excepcionais e a existência de uma peste são visualizadas por Giorgio Agamben enquanto paradigmas de governo. O objetivo é demonstrar como esses dois fatores, com a pandemia do coronavírus, se uniram e se transformaram no que o filósofo italiano denomina biossegurança. Para tanto, tratando-se de pesquisa essencialmente bibliográfica, de abordagem qualitativa, serão exploradas obras de Agamben sobre seu método, textos anteriores ao COVID-19 e (...) seus alertas acerca dos dispositivos de controle adotados no combate ao vírus. A partir disso, conclui-se pela importância da tarefa do filósofo em lançar constantemente seu olhar crítico sobre os fenômenos atuais, momentos de seu tempo e história, enquanto esta ainda está em curso. (shrink)

L'ouvrage de l'hagiographe maghrebin Ibn Qunfudh, Uns al-faqīr wa-'izz al-ḥaqīr, a été choisi comme point de départ d’une recherche concernant les modalités médiévales de l'écriture des sentiments et des émotions religieuses. Le corps nous apparaît dans les récits hagiographiques comme étant le véhicule de connaissances spirituelles et, parmi les sens corporels, la vue, ainsi que le toucher et le goût, ont la prééminence. Une hiérarchie se dessine entre les formes de savoir centrées sur la parole et la transmission auditive et (...) celles, véhiculées par la vue et les autres sens corporels, qui impliquent une expérience de contact direct et qui s'acquièrent par un apprentissage informel où les gestes et les silences jouent un rôle de premier plan. (shrink)

El programa “Educación en Igualdad” surge de un estudio descriptivo proyectivo, diseñado para mejorar la valoración del enfoque de género en docentes de una institución educativa, en base a las teorías científicas, las características de la unidad de análisis -cuya muestra fue de 30- y al nivel de valoración del enfoque de género identificado con un cuestionario con confiabilidad de 0,963 en el Alfa de Cronbach. El presente artículo busca darlo a conocer como un programa formativo para la transversalización efectiva (...) del enfoque de género, elaborado e implementado bajo un enfoque holístico y transdisciplinar, a través de 15 talleres educativos. (shrink)

Las Comunidades de Aprendizaje son reconocidas por sus estrategias de inclusión y participación democrática. El objetivo de este texto es conocer las estrategias de participación democrática que se llevan a cabo en una escuela constituida como Comunidad de Aprendizaje. Los resultados muestran las experiencias de éxito educativo, convivencia e implicación de la comunidad educativa que surgen como consecuencia de la transformación de la escuela hacia un proyecto más inclusivo y participativo. En definitiva, la participación democrática representa una estrategia educativa y (...) reivindicativa que pretende acabar con las desigualdades que convergen en los espacios educativos. (shrink)

In this paper, we start exploring the affective and ethical dimension of what De Jaegher and Di Paolo (Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 6:485–507, 2007 ) have called ‘participatory sense-making’. In the first part, we distinguish various ways in which we are, and feel, affectively inter-connected in interpersonal encounters. In the second part, we discuss the ethical character of this affective inter-connectedness, as well as the implications that taking an ‘inter-(en)active approach’ has for ethical theory itself.

Resumen La Web 2.0 ha cambiado las modalidades en las que se desarrolla el encuentro tanto entre médico y paciente como entre paciente y paciente. En particular, el médico tiene un deseo de imagen específico en relación con su rol y explota los nuevos canales comunicativos, como las redes sociales, para difundir nuevos contenidos y promover sus actividades, para potenciar la relación con el ciudadano o para amplificar sus ideas entre los profesionales. En el marco de la pragmática sociocultural, este (...) trabajo estudia las publicaciones en Facebook de una pediatra española y los comentarios correspondientes recibidos durante los años 2018 y 2019, con el objetivo de destacar las estrategias de imagen que el facultativo y los progenitores del paciente adoptan y los efectos que producen en la imagen de los interlocutores. Los resultados demuestran que el profesional recurre sobre todo a actividades de autoimagen y cortesía donde las categorías de autonomía y afiliación se ponen de manifiesto para crear un clima de confianza interpersonal. En las respuestas de los seguidores se observan actividades de cortesía valorizadora. Facebook se configura como una cibervitrina en la que el médico realza su imagen mediante la autopromoción de sus actividades, y a través de las manifestaciones de interés y acuerdo y de cortesía positiva por parte de los amigos en la red social. (shrink)

Résumé Lucien Febvre proposait d’étudier comment se formait la raison des gens du XVIe siècle, notamment en langue, logique et mathématiques. Il se trouve que c’est autour de ces trois éléments que Jacques Peletier du Mans écrivit son L’algèbre en 1554 et René Descartes ses Regulae. J’avais montré ailleurs, par une étude lexicale, comment la notion de problème est cruciale dans les Regulae. Je mets ici en évidence les nombreuses correspondances entre les textes algébriques du XVIe siècle et les propos (...) de Descartes concernant la formulation de problèmes, où ils sont transformés en équations. Je montre aussi que, quand Peletier écrit « L’algèbre apprend à discourir », il explicite une posture épistémologique interne à l’algèbre abaciste qui prit consistance en Occident avec la réforme de la dialectique. L’algèbre en particulier et les mathématiques en général ont ainsi peu à peu pris la place de la dialectique comme un art de penser. (shrink)

Au xve et au xvie siècle, le mouvement humaniste dans l'enseignement transforma le cursus des artes en une forme plus adaptée aux exigences des nouveaux étudiants, c'est-à-dire des futurs fonctionnaires et dirigeants de l'État. Qu'en a-t-il été vraiment? En particulier, à quoi servaient effectivement les mathématiques dans la nouvelle encyclopédie? Ramus nous donne la réponse la plus explicite: l'ontologie aristotélicienne faisant désormais défaut, on ne pouvait plus compter sur la vieille distinction entre théorie et pratique, entre spéculation et action, mais (...) il fallait introduire un nouvel ordre fondé cette fois sur la connaissance humaine la plus fondamentale, la mathesis. C'est là, la première et irremplaçable utilité des mathématiques. Les arts mécaniques appartenant traditionnellement aux mathématiques sont réformés à l'intérieur de cette nouvelle encyclopédie, et l'humaniste est censé en connaître les principes et l'utilité pour l'action. (shrink)

The concept of citizenship includes four dimensions more easily understandable by their opposites. 1. Membership of a state: in this case citizen is the opposite of foreigner. Many languages adopt in this case different or coexistent terms such as nationality, nacionalidad, nationalité. 2. Emancipation: citizen here is the opposite of subject, slave and serf. 3. Public endowment: citizen here is the opposite of socially marginalized. 4. Standardization, citizen here is the opposite of communitarian and parochial. Immigration impacts on all four (...) dimensions, and its impact produces conflicts, zigzagging policies, converging and diverging trends among democratic regimes. Full membership can be more or less easily achieved. Emancipation and endowment rights can be more or less disconnected from membership and even from the simple status of resident. Demands of de-standardization by new minorities, and imposition of standardization to them, can be more or less easily accommodated. The profile of democratic regimes is consequently deeply and differently reshaped by the impact of immigration. (shrink)

La obra del hagiógrafo magrebí Ibn Qunfud, Uns al-faqir wa-`izz al-haqir, ha sido escogida como punto de partida de una investigación acerca de las modalidades medievales de la escritura de los sentimientos y de las emociones religiosas. El cuerpo se nos aparece en los relatos hagiográficos como vehículo de conocimientos espirituales y, entre los sentidos corporales, la vista, el tacto y el gusto tienen preeminencia. Se perfila una jerarquía entre las formas de saber centradas en la palabra y la transmisión (...) auditiva y aquellas, cuyo vehículo son la vista y los otros sentidos, que implican una experiencia de contacto directo y que se adquieren por un aprendizaje informal donde los gestos y los silencios desempeñan un papel protagonista. (shrink)